1532 Summary of Supplication - Henry VIII,the Reign.
Henry VIII,the Reign.
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Public Registration Will Open in mid 2017 User Account DETAILS, user must be logged in to view Embed Login Form Logout Link All Pages Short Index Henry VIII the Reign Biographies > Brief Biographies Catherine of Aragon Profile Catherine of Aragon Detailed Charles V Profile > Charles V Detailed Cuthbert Tunstall Detailed Edward Foxe Profile Ferdinand II King of Aragon Profile > Ferdinand Detailed Francis I > Francis I Detailed George Cavendish Henry VIII Hugh Latimer John Fisher John Longland John Foxe Profile > John Foxe Detailed Martin Luther Lorenzo Campeggio Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor > Maximilian Detailed Polydore Vergil Pope Julius II Profile Pope Leo X Giovanni de' Medici Profile > Pope Leo X Detailed Pope Clement VII Profile Richard Pace Robert Barnes Stephen Gardiner Detailed Thomas Boleyn Earl of Wiltshire Detailed Thomas Cranmer Detailed Thomas More William Tyndale Profile William Warham Observations and Queries Page About Features Page One Wosley and CoA Two Boleyn and Howard Three Cromwell and Jane Four Cromwell and Cleves Wolsey. The Road to His Fall > 1. King, Cardinal and Divorce 2. Bourbon and the Prisoner Pope 3. Wolsey to the Rescue 4. Journey to Dover 5. Switched Sides 6. Wolsey and Papal Power Library Bookshelf > Life of Cardinal Wolsey Life and Letters of Thomas Cromwell,Volume1 Anne Boleyn by P Friedman Anne Boleyn, Volume 2, by P.Friedman The Reign of Henry VIII and His Rulers > Reign Contents Page 1.Reign of Henry VIII 1. A New King 2.Reign of Henry VIII 2. The Emergence of Wolsey 3.Reign of Henry VIII 3.New Papal Policy 4.Reign of Henry VIII 4. Cardinal Archbishop of York Murdered 5.Reign of Henry VIII 5. New Sovereigns in Christendom 6.Reign of Henry VIII 6. Wolsey's Rise to Chief Arbiter of Christendom 7.Reign of Henry VIII 7.Humble Henry VIII's Hoorahs Expelled from Court 8.Reign of Henry VIII 8. Election for New Holy Roman Emperor 9.Reign of Henry VIII 9. Wolsey's Aspirations for Papacy 10.Reign of Henry VIII 10. Wolsey’s Failed Papal Aspirations 11.Reign of Henry VIII 11.Calamity at Pavia 12.Reign of Henry VIII 12.Mythical Amicable Grant 13.Reign Of Henry VIII 13.Mythical Amicable Grant 14.Reign of Henry VIII 14. Wolsey Allies Henry to the French 15.Reign of Henry VIII 15.Francis Released and is Back in France 16.Reign of Henry VIII 16.Rome Sacked 17.Reign of Henry VIII 17.Wolsey Bids for Papal Power By Means of France 18.Reign of Henry VIII 18. Anne Boleyn 19.Reign of Henry VIII 19. Chaos 20.Reign of Henry VIII 20. Semblance of Order 21.Reign of Henry VIII 21.Wolsey’s Visit to Queen Catherine 22.Reign of Henry VIII 22. Divorce Trial 23.Reign of Henry VIII 23.Ladies’ Peace 24.Reign of Henry VIII 24. Thomas Cranmer and Joseph of Arimathea 25.Reign of Henry VIII 25. A Reign of Indecision Until Anne is Queen 26.The Reign of Henry VIII Anne de Boulogne Seeks French Help 27.Anne is Pregnant 28. The Betrothal of Baby Princess Elizabeth 29. Royal Progress 1535 > Detailed Royal Progress of 1535 Locations Summary Royal Progress 1535 Map 1535 Royal Progress 1535 Map of Bristol and Gloucester Area Anne Boleyn's Norman Heritage 30. Anglo - French Connection Severed 31. Rebellion! 32. Evangelicals Strengthened by Rebellion Failure 33.Cromwell Seeks Anglo-German Confederation 34.Tunstall Called South 35.Luther via Cleves 36.Six Articles Revitalise Conservative Faction 37.Cromwell Recovers from Whipping with Six Strings 38. Cromwell’s Plans Bear Fruit 39.Cleves Marriage is a Calamity 40.Diplomatic Incident -Hand Bags in Paris 41. Norfolk Meets with Francis and Marguerite 42. Norfolk is Back and Tells Henry Whats -What 43.The End of Thomas Cromwell 44.Privy Council Culpepper Progress and Execution 45. Macho Henry Recovers from Katherine’s Unrequited Love 46.French Queen of Scotland Pregnant Again 47.Baby Mary Queen of Scots 48. Attack on Cranmer 49.Thomas Seymour and Katherine Parr 50.Treaty of Greenwich 51.Henry is Married to Katherine Parr - Invasion of France 52.Henry’s War Foiled 53.Henry Howard Earl of Surrey and Boulogne 54. The end........of H Mary Rose and the Divorce, Charles's Coronation > 1. Election of the Holy Roman Emperor 2.English Channel and the Imperial Crown 3.Wolsey's Seesaw 4. The Field of the Cloth of Gold 5. A Maritime Spectacular 6. Back to War 7. Calais, Bruges and Double-Dealing 8. Death of a Pope, Charles on the Hop 9. Spain Lauds the English Armáda 10.Charles's Broken Pledge 11. No Place for Catherine in Wolsey’s New Francophile England Thomas Cromwell > Dudley Castle Rebellion! The Pilgrimage of Grace > 1. 1536: England at a Crossroads 2.The Architects of Rebellion 3. First Lincolnshire was Up 4. Then all the North was Up 5.Aske to Spend Christmas with Henry VIII 6.Misplaced Trust 7.Retribution and the Collapse of Catholic Hopes Pilgrimage of Grace Timeline Pilgrimage of Grace, the People Robert Aske Thomas Darcy John Hussey Eustace Chapuys Francis Bigod Robert Bowes Collectanea satis copiosa > 1. Collapse of the Blackfriars Trial 2. Waltham Holy Cross and Thomas Cranmer 3.Joseph of Arimathea 4.Tovi the Proud 5.Last Night of The Proms, Tin and Bronze 6.Last Abbey to be Closed Pope, Tudor, Habsburg and Valois. Christendom’s Dynasties > Dynasty Holbien Master Image Maker
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All Pages Short Index Henry VIII the Reign
Biographies > Brief Biographies Catherine of Aragon Profile Catherine of Aragon Detailed Charles V Profile > Charles V Detailed Cuthbert Tunstall Detailed Edward Foxe Profile Ferdinand II King of Aragon Profile > Ferdinand Detailed Francis I > Francis I Detailed George Cavendish Henry VIII Hugh Latimer John Fisher John Longland John Foxe Profile > John Foxe Detailed Martin Luther Lorenzo Campeggio Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor > Maximilian Detailed Polydore Vergil Pope Julius II Profile Pope Leo X Giovanni de' Medici Profile > Pope Leo X Detailed Pope Clement VII Profile Richard Pace Robert Barnes Stephen Gardiner Detailed Thomas Boleyn Earl of Wiltshire Detailed Thomas Cranmer Detailed Thomas More William Tyndale Profile William Warham
Brief Biographies
Catherine of Aragon Profile
Catherine of Aragon Detailed
Charles V Profile > Charles V Detailed
Charles V Detailed
Cuthbert Tunstall Detailed
Edward Foxe Profile
Ferdinand II King of Aragon Profile > Ferdinand Detailed
Ferdinand Detailed
Francis I > Francis I Detailed
Francis I Detailed
George Cavendish
Henry VIII
Hugh Latimer
John Fisher
John Longland
John Foxe Profile > John Foxe Detailed
John Foxe Detailed
Martin Luther
Lorenzo Campeggio
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor > Maximilian Detailed
Maximilian Detailed
Polydore Vergil
Pope Julius II Profile
Pope Leo X Giovanni de' Medici Profile > Pope Leo X Detailed
Pope Leo X Detailed
Pope Clement VII Profile
Richard Pace
Robert Barnes
Stephen Gardiner Detailed
Thomas Boleyn Earl of Wiltshire Detailed
Thomas Cranmer Detailed
Thomas More
William Tyndale Profile
William Warham
Observations and Queries Page
About
Features Page
One Wosley and CoA
Two Boleyn and Howard
Three Cromwell and Jane
Four Cromwell and Cleves
Wolsey. The Road to His Fall > 1. King, Cardinal and Divorce 2. Bourbon and the Prisoner Pope 3. Wolsey to the Rescue 4. Journey to Dover 5. Switched Sides 6. Wolsey and Papal Power Library Bookshelf > Life of Cardinal Wolsey Life and Letters of Thomas Cromwell,Volume1 Anne Boleyn by P Friedman Anne Boleyn, Volume 2, by P.Friedman The Reign of Henry VIII and His Rulers > Reign Contents Page 1.Reign of Henry VIII 1. A New King 2.Reign of Henry VIII 2. The Emergence of Wolsey 3.Reign of Henry VIII 3.New Papal Policy 4.Reign of Henry VIII 4. Cardinal Archbishop of York Murdered 5.Reign of Henry VIII 5. New Sovereigns in Christendom 6.Reign of Henry VIII 6. Wolsey's Rise to Chief Arbiter of Christendom 7.Reign of Henry VIII 7.Humble Henry VIII's Hoorahs Expelled from Court 8.Reign of Henry VIII 8. Election for New Holy Roman Emperor 9.Reign of Henry VIII 9. Wolsey's Aspirations for Papacy 10.Reign of Henry VIII 10. Wolsey’s Failed Papal Aspirations 11.Reign of Henry VIII 11.Calamity at Pavia 12.Reign of Henry VIII 12.Mythical Amicable Grant 13.Reign Of Henry VIII 13.Mythical Amicable Grant 14.Reign of Henry VIII 14. Wolsey Allies Henry to the French 15.Reign of Henry VIII 15.Francis Released and is Back in France 16.Reign of Henry VIII 16.Rome Sacked 17.Reign of Henry VIII 17.Wolsey Bids for Papal Power By Means of France 18.Reign of Henry VIII 18. Anne Boleyn 19.Reign of Henry VIII 19. Chaos 20.Reign of Henry VIII 20. Semblance of Order 21.Reign of Henry VIII 21.Wolsey’s Visit to Queen Catherine 22.Reign of Henry VIII 22. Divorce Trial 23.Reign of Henry VIII 23.Ladies’ Peace 24.Reign of Henry VIII 24. Thomas Cranmer and Joseph of Arimathea 25.Reign of Henry VIII 25. A Reign of Indecision Until Anne is Queen 26.The Reign of Henry VIII Anne de Boulogne Seeks French Help 27.Anne is Pregnant 28. The Betrothal of Baby Princess Elizabeth 29. Royal Progress 1535 > Detailed Royal Progress of 1535 Locations Summary Royal Progress 1535 Map 1535 Royal Progress 1535 Map of Bristol and Gloucester Area Anne Boleyn's Norman Heritage 30. Anglo - French Connection Severed 31. Rebellion! 32. Evangelicals Strengthened by Rebellion Failure 33.Cromwell Seeks Anglo-German Confederation 34.Tunstall Called South 35.Luther via Cleves 36.Six Articles Revitalise Conservative Faction 37.Cromwell Recovers from Whipping with Six Strings 38. Cromwell’s Plans Bear Fruit 39.Cleves Marriage is a Calamity 40.Diplomatic Incident -Hand Bags in Paris 41. Norfolk Meets with Francis and Marguerite 42. Norfolk is Back and Tells Henry Whats -What 43.The End of Thomas Cromwell 44.Privy Council Culpepper Progress and Execution 45. Macho Henry Recovers from Katherine’s Unrequited Love 46.French Queen of Scotland Pregnant Again 47.Baby Mary Queen of Scots 48. Attack on Cranmer 49.Thomas Seymour and Katherine Parr 50.Treaty of Greenwich 51.Henry is Married to Katherine Parr - Invasion of France 52.Henry’s War Foiled 53.Henry Howard Earl of Surrey and Boulogne 54. The end........of H
1. King, Cardinal and Divorce
2. Bourbon and the Prisoner Pope
3. Wolsey to the Rescue
4. Journey to Dover
5. Switched Sides
6. Wolsey and Papal Power
Library Bookshelf > Life of Cardinal Wolsey Life and Letters of Thomas Cromwell,Volume1 Anne Boleyn by P Friedman Anne Boleyn, Volume 2, by P.Friedman
Life of Cardinal Wolsey
Life and Letters of Thomas Cromwell,Volume1
Anne Boleyn by P Friedman
Anne Boleyn, Volume 2, by P.Friedman
The Reign of Henry VIII and His Rulers > Reign Contents Page 1.Reign of Henry VIII 1. A New King 2.Reign of Henry VIII 2. The Emergence of Wolsey 3.Reign of Henry VIII 3.New Papal Policy 4.Reign of Henry VIII 4. Cardinal Archbishop of York Murdered 5.Reign of Henry VIII 5. New Sovereigns in Christendom 6.Reign of Henry VIII 6. Wolsey's Rise to Chief Arbiter of Christendom 7.Reign of Henry VIII 7.Humble Henry VIII's Hoorahs Expelled from Court 8.Reign of Henry VIII 8. Election for New Holy Roman Emperor 9.Reign of Henry VIII 9. Wolsey's Aspirations for Papacy 10.Reign of Henry VIII 10. Wolsey’s Failed Papal Aspirations 11.Reign of Henry VIII 11.Calamity at Pavia 12.Reign of Henry VIII 12.Mythical Amicable Grant 13.Reign Of Henry VIII 13.Mythical Amicable Grant 14.Reign of Henry VIII 14. Wolsey Allies Henry to the French 15.Reign of Henry VIII 15.Francis Released and is Back in France 16.Reign of Henry VIII 16.Rome Sacked 17.Reign of Henry VIII 17.Wolsey Bids for Papal Power By Means of France 18.Reign of Henry VIII 18. Anne Boleyn 19.Reign of Henry VIII 19. Chaos 20.Reign of Henry VIII 20. Semblance of Order 21.Reign of Henry VIII 21.Wolsey’s Visit to Queen Catherine 22.Reign of Henry VIII 22. Divorce Trial 23.Reign of Henry VIII 23.Ladies’ Peace 24.Reign of Henry VIII 24. Thomas Cranmer and Joseph of Arimathea 25.Reign of Henry VIII 25. A Reign of Indecision Until Anne is Queen 26.The Reign of Henry VIII Anne de Boulogne Seeks French Help 27.Anne is Pregnant 28. The Betrothal of Baby Princess Elizabeth 29. Royal Progress 1535 > Detailed Royal Progress of 1535 Locations Summary Royal Progress 1535 Map 1535 Royal Progress 1535 Map of Bristol and Gloucester Area Anne Boleyn's Norman Heritage 30. Anglo - French Connection Severed 31. Rebellion! 32. Evangelicals Strengthened by Rebellion Failure 33.Cromwell Seeks Anglo-German Confederation 34.Tunstall Called South 35.Luther via Cleves 36.Six Articles Revitalise Conservative Faction 37.Cromwell Recovers from Whipping with Six Strings 38. Cromwell’s Plans Bear Fruit 39.Cleves Marriage is a Calamity 40.Diplomatic Incident -Hand Bags in Paris 41. Norfolk Meets with Francis and Marguerite 42. Norfolk is Back and Tells Henry Whats -What 43.The End of Thomas Cromwell 44.Privy Council Culpepper Progress and Execution 45. Macho Henry Recovers from Katherine’s Unrequited Love 46.French Queen of Scotland Pregnant Again 47.Baby Mary Queen of Scots 48. Attack on Cranmer 49.Thomas Seymour and Katherine Parr 50.Treaty of Greenwich 51.Henry is Married to Katherine Parr - Invasion of France 52.Henry’s War Foiled 53.Henry Howard Earl of Surrey and Boulogne 54. The end........of H
Reign Contents Page
1.Reign of Henry VIII 1. A New King
2.Reign of Henry VIII 2. The Emergence of Wolsey
3.Reign of Henry VIII 3.New Papal Policy
4.Reign of Henry VIII 4. Cardinal Archbishop of York Murdered
5.Reign of Henry VIII 5. New Sovereigns in Christendom
6.Reign of Henry VIII 6. Wolsey's Rise to Chief Arbiter of Christendom
7.Reign of Henry VIII 7.Humble Henry VIII's Hoorahs Expelled from Court
8.Reign of Henry VIII 8. Election for New Holy Roman Emperor
9.Reign of Henry VIII 9. Wolsey's Aspirations for Papacy
10.Reign of Henry VIII 10. Wolsey’s Failed Papal Aspirations
11.Reign of Henry VIII 11.Calamity at Pavia
12.Reign of Henry VIII 12.Mythical Amicable Grant
13.Reign Of Henry VIII 13.Mythical Amicable Grant
14.Reign of Henry VIII 14. Wolsey Allies Henry to the French
15.Reign of Henry VIII 15.Francis Released and is Back in France
16.Reign of Henry VIII 16.Rome Sacked
17.Reign of Henry VIII 17.Wolsey Bids for Papal Power By Means of France
18.Reign of Henry VIII 18. Anne Boleyn
19.Reign of Henry VIII 19. Chaos
20.Reign of Henry VIII 20. Semblance of Order
21.Reign of Henry VIII 21.Wolsey’s Visit to Queen Catherine
22.Reign of Henry VIII 22. Divorce Trial
23.Reign of Henry VIII 23.Ladies’ Peace
24.Reign of Henry VIII 24. Thomas Cranmer and Joseph of Arimathea
25.Reign of Henry VIII 25. A Reign of Indecision Until Anne is Queen
26.The Reign of Henry VIII Anne de Boulogne Seeks French Help
27.Anne is Pregnant
28. The Betrothal of Baby Princess Elizabeth
29. Royal Progress 1535 > Detailed Royal Progress of 1535 Locations Summary Royal Progress 1535 Map 1535 Royal Progress 1535 Map of Bristol and Gloucester Area Anne Boleyn's Norman Heritage
Detailed Royal Progress of 1535
Locations Summary Royal Progress 1535
Map 1535 Royal Progress
1535 Map of Bristol and Gloucester Area
Anne Boleyn's Norman Heritage
30. Anglo - French Connection Severed
31. Rebellion!
32. Evangelicals Strengthened by Rebellion Failure
33.Cromwell Seeks Anglo-German Confederation
34.Tunstall Called South
35.Luther via Cleves
36.Six Articles Revitalise Conservative Faction
37.Cromwell Recovers from Whipping with Six Strings
38. Cromwell’s Plans Bear Fruit
39.Cleves Marriage is a Calamity
40.Diplomatic Incident -Hand Bags in Paris
41. Norfolk Meets with Francis and Marguerite
42. Norfolk is Back and Tells Henry Whats -What
43.The End of Thomas Cromwell
44.Privy Council Culpepper Progress and Execution
45. Macho Henry Recovers from Katherine’s Unrequited Love
46.French Queen of Scotland Pregnant Again
47.Baby Mary Queen of Scots
48. Attack on Cranmer
49.Thomas Seymour and Katherine Parr
50.Treaty of Greenwich
51.Henry is Married to Katherine Parr - Invasion of France
52.Henry’s War Foiled
53.Henry Howard Earl of Surrey and Boulogne
54. The end........of H
Mary Rose and the Divorce, Charles's Coronation > 1. Election of the Holy Roman Emperor 2.English Channel and the Imperial Crown 3.Wolsey's Seesaw 4. The Field of the Cloth of Gold 5. A Maritime Spectacular 6. Back to War 7. Calais, Bruges and Double-Dealing 8. Death of a Pope, Charles on the Hop 9. Spain Lauds the English Armáda 10.Charles's Broken Pledge 11. No Place for Catherine in Wolsey’s New Francophile England
1. Election of the Holy Roman Emperor
2.English Channel and the Imperial Crown
3.Wolsey's Seesaw
4. The Field of the Cloth of Gold
5. A Maritime Spectacular
6. Back to War
7. Calais, Bruges and Double-Dealing
8. Death of a Pope, Charles on the Hop
9. Spain Lauds the English Armáda
10.Charles's Broken Pledge
11. No Place for Catherine in Wolsey’s New Francophile England
Thomas Cromwell > Dudley Castle
Dudley Castle
Rebellion! The Pilgrimage of Grace > 1. 1536: England at a Crossroads 2.The Architects of Rebellion 3. First Lincolnshire was Up 4. Then all the North was Up 5.Aske to Spend Christmas with Henry VIII 6.Misplaced Trust 7.Retribution and the Collapse of Catholic Hopes Pilgrimage of Grace Timeline Pilgrimage of Grace, the People Robert Aske Thomas Darcy John Hussey Eustace Chapuys Francis Bigod Robert Bowes
1. 1536: England at a Crossroads
2.The Architects of Rebellion
3. First Lincolnshire was Up
4. Then all the North was Up
5.Aske to Spend Christmas with Henry VIII
6.Misplaced Trust
7.Retribution and the Collapse of Catholic Hopes
Pilgrimage of Grace Timeline
Pilgrimage of Grace, the People
Robert Aske
Thomas Darcy
John Hussey
Eustace Chapuys
Francis Bigod
Robert Bowes
Collectanea satis copiosa > 1. Collapse of the Blackfriars Trial 2. Waltham Holy Cross and Thomas Cranmer 3.Joseph of Arimathea 4.Tovi the Proud 5.Last Night of The Proms, Tin and Bronze 6.Last Abbey to be Closed
1. Collapse of the Blackfriars Trial
2. Waltham Holy Cross and Thomas Cranmer
3.Joseph of Arimathea
4.Tovi the Proud
5.Last Night of The Proms, Tin and Bronze
6.Last Abbey to be Closed
Pope, Tudor, Habsburg and Valois. Christendom’s Dynasties > Dynasty
Dynasty
Holbien Master Image Maker
Catherine & Wolsey Stuff Catherine's Meeting with Wolsey
Catherine's Meeting with Wolsey
Parliament Summary 1529 Opening Thomas More 1529 Commons, Fishers Angry Response 1529 1st Ses All Acts - List 1531 2nd Ses All Acts - List 1532 3rd Ses All Acts - List 1533 4th Ses All Acts List 1534 5th Ses All Acts - List 1534 6th Ses All Acts - List 1536 7th Ses All Acts List 6th Parliament 8 Jun-18 Jul Pardon of the Clergy 1532 Supp Against Ord 1532 Summary of Supplication 1532 Answer[s] of the Ordinaries 1534 Submission of Clergy and Restraint of Appeals
1529 Opening Thomas More
1529 Commons, Fishers Angry Response
1529 1st Ses All Acts - List
1531 2nd Ses All Acts - List
1532 3rd Ses All Acts - List
1533 4th Ses All Acts List
1534 5th Ses All Acts - List
1534 6th Ses All Acts - List
1536 7th Ses All Acts List
6th Parliament 8 Jun-18 Jul
Pardon of the Clergy
1532 Supp Against Ord
1532 Summary of Supplication
1532 Answer[s] of the Ordinaries
1534 Submission of Clergy and Restraint of Appeals
Christendom Waypoints Diet of Worms 1521 League of Torgau Edict of Worms Diet of Speyer I Diet of Speyer II Protestation at Speyer 1529 Diet of Augsburg 1530 Augsburg Confession League of Schmalkalden
Diet of Worms 1521
League of Torgau
Edict of Worms
Diet of Speyer I
Diet of Speyer II
Protestation at Speyer 1529
Diet of Augsburg 1530
Augsburg Confession
League of Schmalkalden
Lollard Knights & Associates CLANVOWE, Thomas (d.1410) OLDCASTLE, Sir John (c.1370-1417) VACHE, Sir Philip de la (1348-1408)
CLANVOWE, Thomas (d.1410)
OLDCASTLE, Sir John (c.1370-1417)
VACHE, Sir Philip de la (1348-1408)
Elizabeth to be Weaned and Sent to Langley
LP Template
Barons' Letter to the Pope 1301
Norman Anonymous
1542 England’s Sovereignty Over Scotland Declaration
1548 Bodrugan's Claim to Scotland
Ecumenical Council
1542 Catherine Howard's Trial
Henry VIII, the Reign A Summary of Supplication against the Ordinaries,1532 (Petition of the Commons) 3rd Legislative Session of the Reformation Parliament 15 January 1532 - 14 May 1532 March 1532 In March, 1532, the Commons presented to the King their ‘Supplication against the Ordinaries.’ After complaining in general terms of ‘much discord, variance, and debate’ of late arisen in the realm, ‘as well through new, fantastical, and erroneous opinions, grown by occasion of frantic, seditious, and overthwartly [perversely] framed books, compiled, imprinted, published, and made into the English tongue, contrary and against the very true Catholic and Christian faith, as also by the extreme and. uncharitable behaviour and dealing of divers ordinaries’ which ‘have the examination in and upon the said errors and heretical opinions,’ the document goes on to enumerate certain ‘special particular griefs.’ Of these the most important are: (1) the power of Convocation to make ‘laws, constitutions, and ordinances’ without the royal assent or the assent of the laity; (2) the delays of the Canterbury courts of Arches and Audience , and the vexatious exactions of the ordinaries and the ecclesiastical courts; (3) the ordinaries ‘do daily confer and give sundry benefices unto certain young folks, calling them their nephews or kinsfolk, being in their minority and within age, not apt nor able to serve the cure of any such benefice,’ whereby ‘the poor silly souls’ of the king’s subjects, ‘for lack of good curates, do perish without doctrine or any good teaching’; (4) the excessive number of holy days kept ‘with very small devotion’; 5) in cases of heresy the ordinaries or their ministers put to the accused ‘such subtle interrogatories concerning the high mysteries of our faith as are able quickly to trap a simple, unlearned, or yet a well-witted layman without learning, and bring them by such sinister introduction soon to his own confusion. April 1532 The ‘Answer of the Ordinaries’ to these accusations was approved by Convocation in April, 1532, and. presented to the King at the end of the month. The ordinaries, who describe themselves as the King’s ‘orators and daily bounden bedesmen,’ begin by denying that there is any such ‘discord, debate, variance, or breach or peace’ as had been alleged against the King’s subjects, their ‘brethren in God and ghostly children,’ Ana then proceed to deal with the detailed accusations seriatim in vague terms and at inordinate length. The general line of argument adopted is, that if the things complained of really happen, it is the fault of individuals and not of the whole order of the clergy. On April 30 the King delivered the document to the Speaker and a deputation of the Commons for their consideration, with a hint of his own opinion. ‘We think,’ he said, ‘their answer will smally please you, for it seemeth to us very slender. You be a great sort of wise men. I doubt not but you will look circumspectly on the matter, and we will be indifferent between you.’ In a second answer Convocation offered not to publish canons henceforth without the King’s consent, unless it were for the maintenance of the faith. This also failed to satisfy the King; on May 10 he sent to Convocation three articles for their acceptance, and on the following day he sent for the Speaker and twelve of the Commons, and addressed them in words which shewed that to his mind the real issue was one of sovereignty. May 1532 ‘Well-beloved subjects, we thought that the clergy of our realm had been our subjects wholly; but now we have well perceived that they be but half our subjects—yea, and scarce our subjects. For all the prelates at their consecration make an oath to the Pope clean contrary to the oath they make to us, so that they seem his subjects and not ours.’ On May 15 Convocation surrendered and accepted the three articles, undertaking (1) not to make any new canons unless the King should license them to make such canons, and thereto should give his royal assent and authority; and (2) to submit all canons heretofore enacted to the King and a commission of 32 persons chosen by him; (3) canons determined by the majority of the commission ‘not to stand with God’s laws’ and the laws of the realm, to be ‘abrogated and taken away by your grace and the clergy,’ and those approved by the commission ‘to stand in full strength and power, your grace’s most royal assent and authority once impetrate and fully given to the same.’ On May 16, the day on which this submission was presented to the King, Sir Thomas More resigned the Chancellorship and retired into private life. The proposed reform of ecclesiastical law was never carried into effect, but the first of the three articles gave the King all that he really wanted. The question of sovereignty was settled in his favour, and he was now secure against any attempt on the part of Convocation to protest against the steps which he was proposing to take in the matter of the divorce. The permanent constitutional importance of the submission lies in this, that it put an end to the autonomy of the English Church. Shoemakers Chapuys, the Imperial ambassador, wrote: ‘Churchmen will be of less account than shoemakers, who have the power of assembling and making their own statutes.’
Henry VIII, the Reign.